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moldmakingtechnology.com 15 CONTRIBUTOR James Kaszynski is technical manager at Bohler-Uddeholm Corp. FOR MORE INFORMATION Bohler-Uddeholm Corp. / 800-638-2520 james.kaszynski@bucorp.com / bucorp.com A mold steel's toughness level is determined by a standardized impact test using an instrument that records the amount of energy absorbed by the steel sample in terms of foot-pounds or joules. heat of the slag will begin to melt the ingot, creating droplets of molten steel. Since the molten steel has a higher density than the slag, it will fall downward and pass through it, collect- ing at the bottom of the mold, where it will quickly resolidify. During this process, the portion of the remelted ingot that is in the liquid state is relatively small. The result is faster solidification rates and, thereby, a lower amount of alloy seg- regation and banding. The chemical composition will be more consistent throughout the cross section of the ESR ingot. In addition, the alloy carbides that form are likely to be relatively small and uniformly distributed. An added benefit of the ESR process is that the slag bath will extract tramp elements such as sulfur from the melt as each molten droplet of steel passes through it. The process can reduce sulfur to levels of 0.003 percent or lower, reducing the amount of non-metallic inclusions formed upon solidification. The ESR process helps ensure a high level of micro-cleanliness. The lack of brittle sulfide particles within the matrix of the steel greatly improves toughness properties as well as the abil- ity to polish the mold steel to a high surface finish. Consider mold steel grades that have undergone the addition- al refinement provided by the ESR process. Increased toughness levels and crack resistance; a consistent, uniform response to etching/texturing processes; and the ability to achieve a lens- quality surface finish during polishing are major benefits. Y O U R G L O B A L M E T R O L O G Y P A R T N E R M E A S U R E M E N T P R E C I S I O N M E A S U R E M E N T E R R O R www.marposs.com The non-contact Mida ML75P laser tool pre-setting and verification system is the key to maintaining the micrometric accuracy required by the most demanding machining applications, as in the aerospace field. You get consistent quality, less waste and more profit. Marposs means precision. See us at amerimold Booth #1210